Today there are many different hybrid solutions on the market, each identified by a specific acronym behind which lie distinct operating principles and challenges—the same principles and challenges that also apply to hybrid agricultural machinery now gradually entering the market
In 1977, Toyota launched the “Prius”, the first mass-produced hybrid car. Since then, hybrid propulsion has become one of the preferred solutions for users, to the point that it now accounts for around 44 percent of the European market, compared to roughly 39 percent for traditional powertrains and about 17 percent for full electric. Nearly half a century after its debut, it can therefore be said that hybrid technology has been a success, also thanks to its structural versatility, which allows it to adapt in terms of architecture and functionality to a wide range of use cases.
It is no coincidence that today there are many different hybrid solutions on the market, each identified by a specific acronym behind which lie distinct operating principles and challenges—the same principles and challenges that also apply to hybrid agricultural machinery now gradually entering the market. The following is a guide to understanding the various solutions and identifying them by their designations.
Mhev, “Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle”
This is the basic level of electrification. A low-power electric motor is connected to the vehicle’s internal combustion engine via a belt or gear system, acting as a starter during ignition, as a generator during deceleration, and as an auxiliary motor supporting the thermal engine during acceleration. In this phase, the system draws energy from a small battery, resulting in reduced fuel consumption and emissions—up to about ten percent.
Advantages. A simple and cost-effective system, yet functional, lightweight, and compact. It smooths driving and reduces fuel consumption without requiring external charging. Vehicle prices are close to those of traditional models, and resale is not an issue.
Disadvantages. It does not allow driving in full electric mode, not even for a short distance, and offers limited performance gains.
Hev, “Hybrid Electric Vehicle” or “Full Hybrid Vehicle”
One or more medium-to-low power electric motors assist the main internal combustion engine, drawing energy from a battery pack that is recharged by the electric motors themselves during deceleration.
Advantages. Driving is smooth and enjoyable, with no need to recharge at charging stations. It is also possible to travel for limited periods and distances in full electric mode, depending on battery capacity, with minimal or zero fuel consumption.
Disadvantages. On constant-speed routes and mixed driving conditions—especially in hilly or mountainous areas—the system often relies solely on the internal combustion engine, making the batteries an additional weight that affects consumption. Prices are slightly higher than comparable conventional versions, though resale remains viable.
Phev, “Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle”
These vehicles combine an internal combustion engine with a high-power electric motor and a large battery that must be recharged via an external charging station. The electric motor works in coordination with the thermal engine and can also enable fully electric driving over distances depending on battery capacity. When the battery is depleted, the vehicle can continue operating using only the internal combustion engine.
Advantages. There is no risk of being stranded due to a depleted battery, and when both engines operate together, the available power is considerable.
Disadvantages. When the battery is empty, external charging is still required to restore electric capability. Running on the thermal engine alone with a depleted battery results in reduced performance. Prices are relatively high, and resale can be difficult.
Erev, “Extended-Range Electric Vehicle”
These are electric vehicles with extended range, meaning propulsion is entirely electric, while an internal combustion engine acts as a generator to recharge the battery when needed. Range varies depending on battery capacity.
Advantages. With an onboard generator, external charging is not strictly necessary. The vehicle is responsive and enjoyable to drive, and energy consumption is very low thanks to full electric operation.
Disadvantages. Battery weight can be significant, vehicle prices are high, and resale value is generally limited.
Bev, “Battery Electric Vehicle”
This acronym refers to vehicles equipped with fully electric propulsion systems powered by batteries.
Advantages. Excellent acceleration response and high driving comfort.
Disadvantages. Vehicle prices are high, resale is challenging, and driving range can be significantly affected by climate and driving style. Long trips require careful planning of charging stops.
Title: Agricultural electrification: types and acronyms
Translation with ChatGPT
